Skip to content

Top Navigation

Martha Stewart Martha Stewart
  • FOOD
  • HOLIDAYS
  • ENTERTAINING
  • HOME
  • GARDENING
  • CLEANING & ORGANIZING
  • WEDDINGS
  • SHOP
  • DIY
  • BEAUTY & WELLNESS
  • LIFE
  • NEWS
  • MARTHA'S BLOG
  • About Us

Profile Menu

Martha's Blog
Your Account

Account

  • Join Now
  • Email Preferences
  • Newsletter
  • Manage Your Subscription this link opens in a new tab
  • Manage Your Subscription this link opens in a new tab
  • Contact Us
  • Your Content
  • Logout

More

  • Enter to Win $10,000 to Makeover Your Home!
  • Martha's Blog
  • Weddings
Login
Pin FB

Explore Martha Stewart

Martha Stewart Martha Stewart
  • Explore

    Explore

    • 7 Things to Do in the Morning to Be Healthier and More Productive

      7 Things to Do in the Morning to Be Healthier and More Productive

      Kick-start your day by making habits out of these mood-boosting tips. Read More
    • Should You Refrigerate Bananas?

      Should You Refrigerate Bananas?

      It's one of your favorite fruits, but does it belong on the counter or in the refrigerator? Read More
    • This 3-Ingredient Homemade Weed Killer Uses Vinegar to Safely Remove Pesky Growths from Your Garden

      This 3-Ingredient Homemade Weed Killer Uses Vinegar to Safely Remove Pesky Growths from Your Garden

      A few easy-to-find ingredients are all you need to create a powerful formula that squashes weeds. Read More
  • FOOD

    FOOD

    See All FOOD
    Our 20 Most Popular Recipes for Summer

    Our 20 Most Popular Recipes for Summer

    • Breakfast & Brunch Recipes
    • Lunch Recipes
    • Dinner Recipes
    • Appetizers & Snacks
    • Dessert Recipes
    • Drink Recipes
    • Salad Recipes
    • Side Dishes
    • Soup Recipes
    • Healthy Recipes
    • Quick & Easy Recipes
    • Vegetarian Recipes
    • Cooking How-Tos
    • Baking
    • Menu Planning
    • Food News & Trends
    • Wine
    • Mastering the Holiday Meal
    • What's for Dinner
    • All Recipes
  • HOLIDAYS

    HOLIDAYS

    See All HOLIDAYS
    The Most Patriotic Flowers for the Fourth of July, According to Symbolism

    The Most Patriotic Flowers for the Fourth of July, According to Symbolism

    Show your love of country by displaying these varieties on America's birthday.
    • Father's Day
    • Fourth of July
    • Halloween
    • Thanksgiving
    • Hanukkah
    • Christmas
    • New Year's Eve
    • Valentine's Day
    • St. Patricks Day
    • Passover
    • Easter
    • Mother's Day
  • ENTERTAINING

    ENTERTAINING

    See All ENTERTAINING
    How to Start Entertaining Friends and Family More Regularly

    How to Start Entertaining Friends and Family More Regularly

    Make gathering with loved ones a priority.
    • Seasonal Entertaining & Decorating
    • Baby Shower Ideas
    • Dinner Party Ideas
    • You're Invited
  • HOME

    HOME

    See All HOME
    We're Putting Up Walls Again—Is the Open Floor Plan on Its Way Out?

    We're Putting Up Walls Again—Is the Open Floor Plan on Its Way Out?

    We asked the experts to weigh in on this popular home design concept.
    • Home Design & Decor
    • Paint Colors & Palettes
    • DIY Home Projects
    • The Well-Kept Home
  • GARDENING

    GARDENING

    See All GARDENING
    A Month-by-Month Hydrangea Care Guide

    A Month-by-Month Hydrangea Care Guide

    Confused about when to do what to your favorite flowering shrubs? We have you covered.
    • Container Gardening
    • Flower Gardens
    • Houseplants
    • Landscaping
    • Vegetable Gardens
  • CLEANING & ORGANIZING

    CLEANING & ORGANIZING

    How to Wash Pillows

    How to Wash Pillows

    They're an essential element of a comfortable bed, so keep yours fresh and in their best shape ever with these expert-approved tips.
    • Cleaning
    • Storage & Organization
    • Laundry & Linens
  • WEDDINGS

    WEDDINGS

    See All WEDDINGS
    Who Pays for What for the Wedding?

    Who Pays for What for the Wedding?

    Get the traditional rules for who pays for the wedding details.
    • Real Weddings
    • Wedding Party
    • Wedding Planning & Advice
    • Wedding Ceremony & Reception
    • Wedding Jewelry
    • Dresses & Style
    • Wedding Beauty & Wellness
    • Wedding Registry
    • Wedding Showers & Parties
    • Love & Marriage
    • Wedding Travel
  • SHOP
  • DIY

    DIY

    See All DIY
    How to Melt and Reuse the Leftover Wax from Candles

    How to Melt and Reuse the Leftover Wax from Candles

    Our easy melt-and-pour method saves the last bit of this home essential.
    • Dyeing
    • Holiday Crafts
    • Kids' Crafts
    • Knitting
    • Paper Crafts
    • Sewing
    • Rescue & Revamp
  • BEAUTY & WELLNESS

    BEAUTY & WELLNESS

    Can Rice Water Really Encourage Hair Growth?

    Can Rice Water Really Encourage Hair Growth?

    This buzzy ingredient is a star player in many new-age hair care products.
    • Beauty
    • Health & Wellness
    • Live Well
  • LIFE

    LIFE

    See All LIFE
    • Family
    • Pets
    • Travel
    • Net Worth
  • NEWS
  • MARTHA'S BLOG
  • About Us

Profile Menu

Martha's Blog
Your Account

Account

  • Join Now
  • Email Preferences
  • Newsletter
  • Manage Your Subscription this link opens in a new tab
  • Manage Your Subscription this link opens in a new tab
  • Contact Us
  • Your Content
  • Logout

More

  • Enter to Win $10,000 to Makeover Your Home!
  • Martha's Blog
  • Weddings
Login
Sweepstakes

Follow Us

  1. marthastewart.com
  2. Weddings
  3. Real Weddings
  4. Wedding Styles
  5. Seasonal Weddings
  6. Summer Weddings
  7. Summer Wedding Ideas You'll Want to Steal
Martha Stewart Weddings

Summer Wedding Ideas You'll Want to Steal

chloe gorman bio martha stewart weddings
By Chloe Gorman
Skip gallery slides
Pin
outdoor reception table with wooden lanterns hanging from tree
Credit: Sotiris Tsakanikas

Seasonal details like these are bound to make a splash at your warm-weather celebration.

Start Slideshow

1 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message
outdoor reception table with wooden lanterns hanging from tree
Credit: Sotiris Tsakanikas

Whether you're getting married at the start of the season in late June, at the tail-end in late September, or in the middle during either July or August, a summer wedding date affords you tons of opportunities to embrace the season on your big day. If you're taking advantage of the sunny forecast and tying the knot on the beach or serving your favorite seasonal treats (think ice cream or sliced watermelon), you already understand what the hottest months have to offer. Ultimately, it's easy to see why so many couples wed during the summer months.

If you're one of those couples, consider the following summer wedding ideas—they'll help you curate the best-possible warm-weather event. Not sure how to begin adding seasonal details to your ceremony, cocktail hour, and reception? Start with the basics: Capitalize on your outdoor wedding venue by hosting all of your festivities in the open air. The Secret Owl and Splendid Events took advantage of the beautiful nighttime summer weather by holding this reception outside. The pros filled the space with summery colors like red and blue using rentals from Mint Event Finds and lighting from Christos Soleas.

While seasonal décor is a must when crafting a summer event, there's one other factor to consider: It's also key to keep guests' comfort in mind—which is why we've also provided plenty of ideas that will help your attendees beat the heat, stave off mosquitoes, and avoid other summertime nuisances. From décor suggestions to practical advice, this list has it all. So, before you plan your summer wedding, take get inspired by the idea ahead. With all of this inspiration under your belt, your nuptials will feel like the ultimate summer vacation for your celebrants.

1 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement

2 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Airy Dress

bride and groom holding hands walking down path
Credit: Ashley Ludaescher Photography
Summer Wedding Dresses Perfect for Warmer Weather

If you're tying the knot during the summer, you might be thinking of wearing a short dress. Not only did this Zimmerman number's length help keep the bride cool, but the cutouts on the back made the look even more warm-weather ready.

2 of 34

3 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Fan Menus

fan menu displayed on white plate
Credit: The Happy Bloom

At your summertime event, your paper goods will be even more impressive if they serve a dual purpose. These folding menus by The Paper Refinery doubled as fans to help guests cool off during the reception. The floral print on the back of the stationery also matched the table's Floressence Flowers centerpiece and décor by Willow & Oak.

3 of 34

Advertisement

4 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Bright Mix

pink and orange floral arrangement
Credit: Sotiris Tsakanikas
Stunning Summer Centerpieces Using In-Season Flowers

Fewer things scream summer more than a pink-and-orange color palette, which makes this Splendid Events centerpiece particularly seasonal. Take notes from the pros and use the colors throughout your own floral arrangements. Sliced fruit also nod to summer.

4 of 34

5 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Orange Tree

orange tree ceremony decoration
Credit: Rachel Solomon Photography
Ways to Use Citrus in Every Element of Your Wedding

Florals are always a welcome addition to a ceremony aisle, but for a summer wedding, we think orange trees are an even better option. LVL Weddings & Events proved flowers and oranges look even prettier together than they do apart when styling the last row of this ceremony's chairs; the team also added a small mix of roses from Heavenly Blooms to the bottom of the display.

5 of 34

6 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Blush Dresses

bridesmaids wearing blush colored gowns
Credit: Kerry Jeanne Photography
The Prettiest Pink Bridesmaids' Dresses for Spring

Emphasize your in-season pink-and-white color scheme by making like this bride and outfitting your bridesmaids in blush gowns. These attendants' ensembles matched their muted bouquets from Bellaflora Farms perfectly.

6 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

7 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Seasonal Welcome Basket

seasonal welcome basket
Credit: J. Harper Photography

Welcome your attendees to your warm-weather event by treating them to some seasonal goodies. We're pretty sure they'll thank you for something like this summery spread, complete with honey and gin from Bar Hill, florals from Tarrnation Flower Farm, and twine from Silk & Willow.

7 of 34

8 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Fans

intricate hand fans
Credit: Elias Kordelakos

If your ceremony will take place in an outdoor area without shade, you'll need to find another way to help your guests beat the heat. That's why The Twelve Events set up this fan station at this summertime event.

8 of 34

9 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Orange Escort Cards

orange escort cards
Credit: Hunter Ryan Photography
Insanely Creative Escort Cards and Seating Displays

During the summer, so many different flowers, fruits, and vegetables are in peak season, which means it's beyond easy to incorporate them into your big-day décor. Want a truly inspired idea? Just look to these citrus escort cards by Dana Marino Design and Fabulously Chic.

9 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

10 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Watermelon

watermelon wedges on skewers
Credit: Caroline Tran Photography
Unexpected Wedding Food Ideas Your Guests Will Love

Chances are, your cocktail hour and reception will be full of seasonal favorites, but for a truly refreshing bite, we suggest passing around frozen watermelon slices.

10 of 34

11 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Hats

sun hats on clothes line
Credit: Anna Roussos

There are many ways to keep your guests cool during your outdoor ceremony (think parasols or ceremony program fans). For some, a hat is the best option. We're loving the off-white fedoras that were provided at this event. Not only were they a stylish way to combat the heat, but attendees could also wear them after the wedding was over.

11 of 34

12 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Airy Seating Chart

suspended acrylic seating chart
Credit: Elizabeth Fogarty Photography
Lucite Wedding Ideas for the Minimalist Couple

There's something so light and airy about acrylic details—two elements that are a must for summer wedding décor. This see-through seating chart by Kari Rider Events and Steph B. & Co. hit both notes and placed all of the emphasis on the in-season blooms from Crimson & Clover.

12 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

13 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Cool Couple

bride and groom holding hands walking along path of palm trees
Credit: Imaj Gallery

It's important that both the bride and groom are comfortable at their summer wedding. Whether you're planning on wearing a full-length gown or a tuxedo, make like this couple and make attire tweaks that work with the season. The short sleeves on the bride's Oscar de la Renta dress and the light color of the groom's Suit it Up Manila tux ensured they felt (and looked!) great all day long.

13 of 34

14 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Beige Bridesmaids' Attire

bridesmaids wearing beige colored gowns
Credit: Michelle Beller
Neutral Beige Bridesmaids' Dresses Your Entire Wedding Party Will Love

To keep cool on a hot summer day, light colors (not dark shades, which absorb sunrays!) are a must. Consider beige gowns—these were from Watters—for your bridal party. The thoughtfully selected attire will help your 'maids stay comfortable without sacrificing style.

14 of 34

15 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Kumquats

kumquats embellishing floral arrangement centerpieces
Credit: Rebecca Yale Photography

One of the best parts about summery fruits? They add a bit of color wherever you decide to use them. On this neutral table by Twofold LA, kumquats were featured on both the settings and in the centerpiece (full of white lilies from Emblem Flowers) for a pop of orange. Adding beachy texture—consider something like these wicker chargers from Borrowed BLU—will only add to the summer vibe.

15 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

16 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Oysters

oysters presented on three-tier serving tray
Credit: Sarah Carpenter Photography
How to Choose a Summer Wedding Menu That'll Hold Up in the Heat—and Help Keep Guests Cool!

Seafood is a summertime staple, so feel free to offer it at your cocktail hour. These oysters from Ravishing Radish Catering were just one small part of this event's seasonal spread.

16 of 34

17 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Blue, White, and Gray

bride and groom interlocking arms walking down aisle
Credit: Sotiris Tsakanikas
Our Favorite Summer Wedding Color Palettes

When thinking of your and your future husband's big-day looks, draw inspiration from your favorite summer color palettes. Although blue, white, and gray were an unexpected choice for this bride's Golden Apple Weddings bouquet and groom's Menz Club tux, they still felt seasonal.

17 of 34

18 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Clear Seating Chart

acrylic seating chart featuring vineyard in background
Credit: Vicki Grafton

If the beautiful outdoors is the setting for your summer wedding, you won't want anything to obstruct your view—including your seating chart. Guest found their seats (and enjoyed the landscape of Stone Tower Winery) at this event via this acrylic setup by Leah Letters and Ashlee Virginia Events. Planters full of florals from Nature Composed were added the display to emphasize the outdoor vibe.

18 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

19 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Yellow Cake

four tiered deep golden yellow frosted wedding cake with floral display
Credit: Pinkerton Photography
Yellow Wedding Ideas That Will Make Your Day Bright and Cheery

For a wedding cake with summer vibes, ask your baker to work with a vibrant color palette and in-season florals. That's exactly what Růže Cake House did when creating this confection. The pros worked with yellow buttercream and orange-and-pink roses to make the ultimate summer dessert.

19 of 34

20 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Popsicles

drinks with popsicles
Credit: Anna Delores Photography
Frozen Drink Ideas for Summer Weddings

Fruity cocktails aren't the only summer signature drink option out there. Instead, bring seasonal flair to your beverages in an unexpected (and tasty) way by serving popsicles. These iterations served as both swizzle sticks and ice cubes and came with a message—written by Sophia Loves Letters—prompting guests to "stay cool."

20 of 34

21 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Floral Stationery

floral stationery with geometric design and vellum
Credit: Krista Mason Photography

Floral stationery will let your guests know about your warm-weather big day before they even see the date on the card. Attendees got a glimpse of the orange-and-pink peonies on this Betty Lu Paperie suite thanks to a see-through vellum envelope.

21 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

22 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Shell Cake

Single-Tiered Wedding Cake Topped with Shells
Credit: Erich McVey
Ideas for an Elevated Beach Wedding

If you're throwing a seaside ceremony, draw inspiration from your surroundings when designing your big-day confection. Mussel shells added a bit of verticality, color, and seasonality to this one-tier by Yam & Bean.

22 of 34

23 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Ice Cream

kendall jackson wedding guests and ice cream cones
Credit: Jenn Emerling

For a warm-weather event, replace a traditional wedding cake with ice cream. The frozen treat is a no-brainer when it comes to staving off the heat. Nimble & Finn's served up a variety of flavors at this couple's summer celebration.

23 of 34

24 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Flavored Water

jars of flavored water
Credit: Ashley Ludaescher Photography
Non-Alcoholic Hydration Stations Your Wedding Guests Will Appreciate

It goes without saying that water is a necessity at any summertime wedding, but that doesn't mean that it has to be plain. To make the refreshment a little more appealing, serve it flavored, like Danae Grace Events did here, by adding in sliced fruits.

24 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

25 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Sunglasses

couple wearing sunglasses poolside
Credit: Pat Furey Photography

Searching for a practical accessory for your wedding look? Sunglasses—these were from The Market NYC—will do the trick.

25 of 34

26 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Parasols

sara sam italy wedding parasols
Credit: Stefano Santucci
Ways to Keep Guests Cool at Your Warm-Weather Wedding

We'd argue that there's not much better than a destination wedding during the summer, but make sure your guests are protected from the sun; this couple passed out parasols to do so. To nod to their Italian location, the umbrellas sat in an embroidered basket reading "pazzo di te," or "crazy about you."

26 of 34

27 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Sturdy Shoes

wedding shoes with flowers
Credit: Carrie Patterson
Best Shoes for a Bride to Wear to a Summer Wedding

During your outdoor wedding, you won't want to wear stilettoes that sink into the grass, ruining the shoe forever. Instead, opt for something with a sturdy block heel, like these Alexandre Birman sandals.

27 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

28 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Colorful Attire

wedding couple portrait
Credit: Michael & Carina Photography
Our Favorite Colorful Dresses from Real Weddings

Summer is the season of vibrant colors, so why wouldn't you want to wear them down the aisle? This bride and groom—the former in Abbeydale and the latter in Monique Lhuillier—wore bright hues that worked with their summertime event.

28 of 34

29 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Convertible Portraits

maggie zach wedding couple in vintage car
Credit: Vienna Glenn Photography

After your warm-weather reception, take a few photos (and a ride) with your new husband or wife in a convertible and enjoy the evening air.

29 of 34

30 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Bug Spray

Personal bug spray wedding favors for summer weddings
Credit: Photography By Loren

If there's one drawback to summer, it's the bugs. That's why it's important to make sure guests are equipped with plenty of bug spray (like this couple did here) if your reception is outdoors.

30 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

31 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Thematic Welcome Bags

welcome bag with gifts
Credit: Hunter Ryan Photo
Get More Wedding Welcome Bag Ideas

Welcome guests to your wedding with gifts that'll help them enjoy the warmer weather. This couple offered Turkish towels, sunglasses, boxed water, and more to their attendees.

31 of 34

32 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Hydration Station

hydration station
Credit: Elizabeth LaDuca

Make sure that water is readily accessible throughout your celebration. If you're feeling extra crafty, you can turn glass bottles into table numbers for your reception—just add digits with paint!

32 of 34

33 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

Creative Cocktails

creative cocktail toast
Credit: Gaby J Photography
Get More Floral Cocktail Ideas

We recommend serving lighter libations for an extra-refreshing cocktail hour. A few floating petals in each glass—like those in these Weddings & Events by Emily drinks—are always a pretty touch. Alternatively, opt for frozen drinks!

33 of 34

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

34 of 34

Pin
Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message

S'mores Bar

s'mores bar cart
Credit: Sanaz Photography
See More S'mores Wedding Desserts

Serve up your favorite summertime snack (s'mores!) in a stylish way. Mallow Mallow provided these treats.

34 of 34

Replay gallery

Share the Gallery

Pinterest Facebook

Up Next

By Chloe Gorman

    Share the Gallery

    Pinterest Facebook
    `
    Martha Stewart Weddings
    View All
    • Ariana Grande Inspired These Grooms' Black-Tie Wedding in the Pacific Palisades
    • 10 Items You Need to Pack in Your Wedding Dress Emergency Kit
    • Kate Middleton and Prince William's Wedding Day Was an Emotional Highlight for Queen Elizabeth—Here's Why
    • Arcade Games, Tarot Cards, and Cotton Candy Put a Festive Spin on This Couple's Wedding in Austin, Texas
    Trending Videos
    Advertisement
    Skip slide summaries

    Everything in This Slideshow

    Advertisement

    View All

    1 of 34
    2 of 34 Airy Dress
    3 of 34 Fan Menus
    4 of 34 Bright Mix
    5 of 34 Orange Tree
    6 of 34 Blush Dresses
    7 of 34 Seasonal Welcome Basket
    8 of 34 Fans
    9 of 34 Orange Escort Cards
    10 of 34 Watermelon
    11 of 34 Hats
    12 of 34 Airy Seating Chart
    13 of 34 Cool Couple
    14 of 34 Beige Bridesmaids' Attire
    15 of 34 Kumquats
    16 of 34 Oysters
    17 of 34 Blue, White, and Gray
    18 of 34 Clear Seating Chart
    19 of 34 Yellow Cake
    20 of 34 Popsicles
    21 of 34 Floral Stationery
    22 of 34 Shell Cake
    23 of 34 Ice Cream
    24 of 34 Flavored Water
    25 of 34 Sunglasses
    26 of 34 Parasols
    27 of 34 Sturdy Shoes
    28 of 34 Colorful Attire
    29 of 34 Convertible Portraits
    30 of 34 Bug Spray
    31 of 34 Thematic Welcome Bags
    32 of 34 Hydration Station
    33 of 34 Creative Cocktails
    34 of 34 S'mores Bar

    Share & More

    Facebook Tweet Email Send Text Message
    Martha Stewart

    Learn More

    • Contact Us
    • Customer Service
    • Media Kit
    • Martha's Blog
    • Advertise
    • Content Licensing
    • FAQ
    • Corporate
    • International
    • Accolades this link opens in a new tab

    Connect

    Subscribe to Our Newsletter
    Sign Up
    MeredithMartha Stewart is part of the Meredith Home Group. © Copyright 2022 Meredith Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policythis link opens in a new tab Terms of Servicethis link opens in a new tab Ad Choicesthis link opens in a new tab California Do Not Sellthis link opens a modal window Web Accessibilitythis link opens in a new tab
    © Copyright Martha Stewart. All rights reserved. Printed from https://www.marthastewart.com

    Sign in

    View image

    Summer Wedding Ideas You'll Want to Steal
    this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines.