1. Finely grind almonds in a food processor. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Whisk together almonds, flour, sugar, salt, and almond extract. Cut in butter with a pastry blender until it's completely incorporated.

2. Line 2 baking sheets with parchment. Firmly press 2 tablespoons dough into the bottom of a 2 1/2-inch round cookie cutter, then gently lift cutter to leave dough on parchment. Repeat, spacing cookies evenly on sheets, until you've made 24 rounds. Dollop 1 teaspoon jam into center of each round, alternating flavors. Sprinkle 1 tablespoon of remaining dough around border of each cookie.

3. Bake, rotating sheets once, until golden brown at the edges, about 24 minutes. Transfer cookies on sheets to wire racks; let cool completely. Cookies can be stored in an airtight container at room temperature up to 2 days.