did you know?

Viticulture, the practice of growing grapes and making wine, has a history that reaches back thousands of years. Egyptian hieroglyphics record the process as long ago as 2400 BC, and in the Middle East, archeologists have unearthed seeds dated from around 3200 BC.

general maintenance:

After planting, prune plants to 1 stem with 2 healthy buds. Train growth laterally on a trellis or wire and remove flowers for 2?3 years to strengthen plant. During winter dormancy, prune all lateral growth back to 3 or 4 buds.

pests/diseases:

Grapes are affected by many insects and fungal diseases, especially in humid areas.

controls:

Choose healthy looking plants that are resistant to the pests and diseases common in your area. Provide plants with adequate air circulation and avoid wetting leaves when watering. Remove and destroy diseased branches. Plant vines in sites with sharp drainage or in raised beds.

how to sow/plant:

In fall or early spring, choose a sunny, well-drained site and amend with compost or well-rotted manure. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball. Soak bare-root plants in water for 3 hours before planting. Spread out roots and plant vines so that the graft union is several inches above the soil surface. If planting container-grown vines, plant slightly deeper than they were in pots. Space vines 4?8 feet apart.

water and fertilize:

Water after planting, and keep young plants well watered. Water established plants only during drought. Apply a 10-10-10 fertilizer to soil in spring or when vines appear weak. Make sure leaves and trunk are dry during application because fertilizer granules may damage them.

garden hint:

Consult a local county extension agent for information on pest- and disease-resistant varieties of grapes for your area. Listed in the phone book's government pages, your agent can advise you on plant problems, give growing advice, and perform soil tests.

features:

• Attractive Fruit
• Attracts Birds
• Deciduous
• Fall Foliage

garden uses:

• Climbing

other uses:

• Culinary/Edible

combine with:

different cultivars like purple 'Concord' table grapes and white 'Niagara' grapes to extend the harvest season.