did you know?

Roses have existed in North America for more than 30 million years, according to fossil records found in Colorado. Many historians agree that the Chinese were the first to cultivate the rose more than 5,000 years ago. Archaeologists have even discovered Asian coins minted in 4000 B.C. bearing rose motifs.

general maintenance:

When leaf buds open in spring, remove winter-damaged branches, and crossing and weak canes; cut back remaining canes by a third to half. Deadhead unless decorative hips are desired, but allow hips to develop in late summer and fall to prepare bushes for dormancy.

pests/diseases:

Fungal diseases (black spot, powdery mildew) may stunt and discolor leaves or defoliate entire shrubs, especially in humid regions. Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles.

controls:

To discourage fungal diseases, avoid wetting foliage, and remove and dispose of fallen leaves. Spray a mixture of 4 teaspoons baking soda and 1 tablespoon horticultural oil per gallon of water; repeat weekly. For aphids and spider mites, use horticultural oil, following package directions. Handpick Japanese beetles, and destroy.

how to sow/plant:

Choose a sunny site with fertile, well-drained soil, and amend with well-rotted manure or compost. Plant container-grown roses in spring or fall (at least a month before frost), at the same level they were in the pot. Plant bare-root roses in early spring; before planting, soak entire plant in water for 12-?24 hours to replace lost moisture. Dig a 2-by-2-foot hole. Return some soil to hole, forming a 1-foot mound. Place plant on the mound, fanning out roots. In Zones 6 and warmer, set bud union just above soil level. In Zones 5 and colder, set bud union 2-4 inches below soil level. Cover roots with soil, and water thoroughly, but do not fertilize at this time.

water and fertilize:

Monitor soil moisture all season; use soaker hose to give roses an inch of water weekly during dry weather. Once newly planted bare-root roses break dormancy, feed with an all-purpose fertilizer at half rate, following package directions. After the first season, feed with balanced organic fertilizer in early spring and again in early summer at first bloom, and spray bushes with kelp extract in early fall.

features:

• Attractive Flowers
• Attractive Foliage
• Attractive Fruit
• Attracts Birds
• Deciduous
• Disease Resistant
• Fragrant

garden uses:

• Edging
• Naturalizing

other uses:

• Culinary/Edible
• Cut Flower (use vitamin C–rich hips for tea or arrangements, or leave on shrubs for wildlife)

combine with:

a range of perennials. At Turkey Hill, Martha integrates roses into many of the flower beds, mixing them with peonies phlox, monkshood Japanese anemones euphorbias, and meadow rues